The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a large-scale atmospheric phenomenon characterized by eastward-moving disturbances of cloud and rainfall that form in the tropics and propagate along the equator. The MJO typically has a period of 30-60 days and is most active in the Indian and Pacific Oceans during the winter and spring seasons. Researchers study the MJO to better understand its impact on global weather patterns, including tropical cyclone development, monsoons, and temperature and precipitation anomalies. The MJO has also been linked to intraseasonal variations in the atmospheric circulation and is important for seasonal climate prediction. Overall, research on the Madden-Julian Oscillation aims to improve our ability to forecast and understand weather patterns on timescales ranging from weeks to months.